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Dressage Disgrace’s teleseminar with Klaus Hempfling on Rollkur was illuminating – it is important that we have these conversations, and I would like to thank Mark from Dressage Disgrace for making this conversation possible.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Hempfling (KFH Archives)

Photo courtesy of Klaus Hempfling (KFH Archives) http://www.hempfling.com/

What did Klaus say?

Klaus said that the dignity of the horse is lost, his sight is hampered and respiration is hindered when in Rollkur. He noted that if we were to beat a cat or dog, it would not be considered acceptable, but that hitting horses is perfectly legal in most countries.

The control of the horse’s neck has proven a very successful and speedy way to control a horse, and is also used a lot in show jumping; that this form of neck control is mostly used ‘without empathy’.

The majority of horses that are coming to Klaus are ‘depressed’. He thinks that it is a reflection of society and how humans have ‘lost themselves’.  He says that a second reason is that in horse whispering and dressage circles

the psychological level of the horse is being brought down, breaking the soul of the horse; there is no light, no magic in the horse; he has lost his dignity, is in permanent panic, and is scarred for life, because there is no way out

In some natural horsemanship practises he sees horses are ‘giving up’, as an antelope does to the lion in a predator/prey relationship when he can do no more to escape.

Sadly Klaus doesn’t have too much hope for horses that have been ridden using Rollkur. He says it is nearly impossible to restore the horse’s internal ‘fire’. Although recognising that he has a special gift, he says horses like this are

typically lost, they are half-killed

It may be possible to bring the life back to the horse, but it takes a lot of time; Klaus sometimes has to tell people that they should never ride their horse again, because the horse will ‘die again’ when the saddle goes on.

What are the alternatives?

Klaus advocates that we should open our eyes to see the reality, that indeed reality is more often not seen by those closest to the horse, but instead by the observers who may see it clearly.

Watch the world with your eyes, see the natural horse, and his typical balance – the balance is very different between native horse breeds such as the French Camargue or Haflinger with short, bulky necks and jaws, than the very different composition warmblood horses.

Go out and look at horses, he says – look at your horse, look at photos. The build of the horse dictates how the horse has evolved or been bred to ride; for example the Spanish horse needs the reins to feel that he hasn’t been deserted.  Klaus uses a cavesson halter, vibrating the rein softly, and with a loose contact, he says  ’the horse knows I am here’. Klaus says that to forget the reins (e.g. suggest the horse needs no reins at all) is quite wrong for some breeds, and that you must instead bring yourself to the suitable level to ride them.

Klaus himself uses two systems of riding – ‘natural riding’ (his favourite) on one style of horse – the stronger, more naturally evolved horse, but horses bred ‘with another set of skills’ with reins.

It is evident that Klaus has a true empathy of what it could be to be a horse, to respond to the world in the horse’s way, a view that challenges our anthropocentric view and leaves us feeling pretty uncomfortable. Like many uncomfortable experiences, it is a call to move to the next level of realisation and change.

www.DressageDisgrace.com has made the Hempfling Rollkur discussion available of this discussion.

To find out more about Klaus Hampfling’s work, go to www.hempfling.com

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Over on Twitter, TrotonTV (John Bethell) wanted my thoughts on Anky van Grunsven’s reply about her student Patrik Kittel’s  ‘Blue Tongue’ video recording, now being investigated by FEI. (I also wrote about it here).

140 tweet characters does not allow a particularly thorough reply!

So John, here you go…

Example of unknown dressage horse ridden in Rollkur (hyperflexion)

Example of unknown dressage horse ridden in Rollkur (hyperflexion)

We must use a degree of caution, knowing that the link is a translation (for those of us who don’t read Dutch!)  With anything translated, there is always a danger of the old problem of ‘meaning lost in translation’.

For the benefit of our discussion here, I am talking about the translation made by Google today, 15 November 2009.

  1. Anky appears to suggest that the horse’s tongue was over the bit. The question arises: ”is it OK for the horse to go with the tongue over the bit at all?; but also why would he want to put his tongue over the bit?
  2. Assuming Anky is right, and that the tongue was over the bit, the answer is: because of pressure on his tongue that he is trying to escape. A horse trying to escape tongue pressure retracts his tongue in his mouth, and can then get it ‘over the bit’.
  3. My thoughts are that if the tongue is blue: (a) it probably not simply over the bit, but is either trapped between the two bits, or under both bits, but with sufficient pressure to limit oxygenated blood supply to the tongue, making it appear blue (unoxygenated), OR (b) [and this is a very unqualified statement on my part, as I don't know of any studies that have addressed this] perhaps it possible that blue tongue is merely a symptom of lack of oxygenated blood to the horse’s whole head caused by overbent neck limiting oxygenated blood supply.
  4. I am not sure what ‘losrijterrein’ means. It is possible this means hyperflexion or Rollkur, but I do not know. If this does mean hyperflexion, I am not sure if she is saying that audiences either (a) are used to seeing hyperflexion, (b) regularly complain about it, or (c) are used to seeing it enough to think it normal.
  5. The translated reply says that horses ‘can put their tongues over the bit for any reason and that it need not be negative’ – perhaps something here is confused in translation, or maybe not. I don’t accept that a horse going with  tongue over the bit is acceptable, one wonders why this wasn’t this pointed out to the rider by officials.
  6. Anky recognises that the FEI has to uphold equine welfare, but thinks that the problem has been blown out of proportion and that they need to support riders also.

Personally, I am relieved this is getting attention at the FEI.

Somewhere I have read that Anky says the science does not show that hyperflexion is detrimental to the horse. She is right in this comment – studies of Rollkur  have been inconclusive, they are not easy undertaken, and indeed the science does not as yet point firmly in one direction. A recent report to the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality noted studies contained  flaws in methodology, limited numbers, or unhelpful parameters were used and that

This leads us to conclude there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm unequivocally whether or not there are welfare issues involved in training techniques using hyperflexion’.

The case of hyperflexion and the blue tongue is perhaps a situation where rather than relying solely on the current scientific evidence, common sense should enable us to utilise our knowledge of biology, pain, biomechanics (and physics – e.g. the lever action of the curb), which is what I believe many educated people are trying to do.

You will see on the FEI website, their rules governing Abuse of Horses (Article 142, page 35) – specifically notes that no person may use actions ”causing pain or unnecessary discomfort to a horse’. Given what has been observed of recent times, these actions have not been held to account for years.

This raises the question: given the implications for the FEI and equestrian sport in general, is the FEI the appropriate body to conduct and impartial investigation into Patrik Kittel’s horse’s blue tongue? – or is it a case as Bidda Jones of the Australian RSPCA suggests ‘is the fox in the hen house’?

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Show jumping practiceHow do you know when you have acquired the skill level to safely and confidently ride your horse over fences so as not to encumber him?

If you can fulfil the requirements below, you are well able to begin the work towards jumping:

  1. Are you able to shorten your reins at all gaits without disturbing your horse, and your hands remain quiet at all times?
  2. Can you easily ride in the two point position at least two circuits of an arena with stable legs and independent hands?
  3. Do you have a relaxed seat and still hands in sitting trot?
  4. Can you ride in canter in light, full or two point seat, changing effortlessly between?
  5. Posting (rising) to the trot, do your legs remain still?
  6. Does your torso remain relaxed, still and quiet at canter?
  7. Can you tell your diagonals and leads by feel rather than looking?
  8. Can you ride your horse in good rhythm, and perform transitions within and between gaits with ease?

Working with poles is an excellent way to develop your seat and, with appropriate  attention, to learn and practise good habits that will serve you well as you move on to jumping more challenging fences.

Remember that jumping is no more than dressage with fences in the way! The more correct your horse is in his flatwork, the more ready he is to be guided over fences. Does he turn smoothly and on the aids? Is he adjustable and able to ’stop’ and ‘go’ to light signals? Is he well-habituated to all manner of obstacles and ’spooky’ objects.

Every time we are riding the horse, we are training him – what are you training him today?

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Steffen Peters and his Dutch partner Ravel, Picture: Akiko Yamazaki

Steffen Peters and his Dutch partner Ravel, Picture: Akiko Yamazaki

It was a charismatic Steffen Peters who so willingly and humorously shared his training insights at New Zealand’s Regional FEI Dressage Forum on 12 and 13 September,and I’m sure glad I was there!  In Aotearoa (NZ) we are merely a wee cocoon stuck to a distant tree, far removed from the influence of top (and better
still, true craftsmen) international riders and horses…

What a coup Chris Rogers (Massey University) and Dressage New Zealand struck in recognised the emerging talent of Steffen Peters, ensuring a deal was done to bring Steffen and the new FEI Director of Dressage, Norway’s Trond Asmyr to our shores – a decision made before Steffen had won the World Title – which according to Trond was ‘one of the best performances the world had ever seen’.

Oh, how refreshing to hear the constant reference to ’self carriage’and to hear riders being told to release their contact on horses’ mouths. Steffen was adament that we must teach the horse to carry his own weight, rather than be carried on the rider’s hands. Bravo!

Riders were reminded to ensure that each use of the rein (meaning anything other than soft contact) was a signal that resulted in a change in the horse. If a question is asked via a rein aid,ensure a response occurs – if not, ask again…

If you don’t test your horse, he will test you.

(Continually watch and assess the horse’s responses to your signals, donot apply a signal several times without achieving a response).

Whatever you start with your horse, finish, then leave him alone 100%.

(What Steffen… I hope he doesn’t mind me calling him that… meant by this is… apply an aid, have it effect a response, then stop bothering him! If the response is delayed, heavy or non-existent or incorrect, ask again – you may require more motivating pressure, but get the change and reward by softening and leaving the horse alone!)

Peters was clear that the use of the curb must only be momentary – to make a difference and then release.

Create a reason to ease off on the rein.

(After all, learning theory tells us that it is the release of pressure that rewards the horse, not the application of pressure).

Repetition doesn’t make things better, but by fixing and addressing issues…

Steffen delighted the dressage queens in the audience by reminding them that ‘every mistake is a training opportunity’… yes… this is no ‘dressage nancy’… Peters is a horseman’s horseman, without a doubt.

Training is not just repeating an exercise; training means when the horse gets momentarily resistant we deal with it in a fair way. Correct him within his comfort zone and move on.

It’s about raising your own expectations and standards – riding transitions in two strides, not eight, expecting and achieving light contact…

Another emphasis more common to Western horsetrainers and ‘the old masters’ but often less emphasised by modern dressage trainers is the need for increasingly refined aids – to be doing less all the time.
I could have screamed “Hallelujah” when Peters answered the question ‘How much weight should we have in contact?’… when he said:

The lightest possible but constant, with momentary increases when an aid was given.

Steffen said that he has never had anyone able to convince him that the horse needs to have more contact than a light rein, when it is obviously travelling forward correctly from behind.  Additionally, he favours a thick rubber snaffle to encourage a horse that was hesitant or scared of it to come forward to it.

I liked that in all Steffen’s answers, the horse was always considered in a careful and kind way, and he emphasised the importance of addressing the horse’s mental capacity, not only his physicality and biomecahanics. But Peters also recognised the physical aspects of the horse’s training – that after repetition of a movement 3-4 times in a row, it is time for a break – and that the intensity of the workout should be recognised in the length of the break.  Steffen reminded us that riders must remember that horses, like all athletes, have a build up of lactic acid in the muscles following a hard workout, and must adjust their training accordingly. (N.B. This also fits with Gerd Heushmann’s notice that a young horse in training benefits from a day of training followed by a day off, or light work or hack).

Every day, creating positive habits.

Peters oft-repeated George Morris’s adage:

Perfect training makes perfect.

Regarding readiness for dressage competition – Peters said he only puts a horse in the ring if the combination is able to obtain 60-70% scores, and he is

prepared to take more time if the horse is not ready. Hellelujah, hellelujah!!!!

Peters was generous in his praise of his horse, Ravel, saying that he was very lucky to be able to ride such a horse (however I have a feeling the horse

didn’t simply train himself!)

Steffen Peters, for your clear, concise training, your sense of humour, your strong and genuine welfare ethic, your humility, sense of fun and balanced view… I applaude you…

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Lessons from Ray Hunt (2)

September 7, 2009

Following on in our series of insights from one of the most important Western horsemen of recent time, we continue with ideas and concepts from a Ray Hunt clinic, held in New Zealand in February, 2002.

The horse knows you 20:1

If the horse feels ‘empty’ between hand and leg, do something with hands and/or legs to discourage it – release when the horse comes right.

Present your idea in the right way.

If he gets worried, do less.

Bring the horse’s life up, but leave ‘tightness’ down – you want a mellow horse.

Ride the horse, ot the saddle – get in a rhythm with the horse.

Slowing the walk down: when the horse’s foot leaves the ground, feel slightly more with the rein on that side. Remember to use the opposite rein to support it.

Float loading: You must move the horse’s feet and direct them. Step the horse to the left or right if the legs get locked up going forward.  Ray used a piece of carpet on the end of a stick to ‘trouble’ the horse into loading; he said to

get it to where going in is the horse’s idea.  The horse will line himself up to go in when he decides to go in.  If things aren’t right when the horse in in the float, or about loading, it is not right when ridden too.

The horse well tell you the honest-to-God truth every split second.

Be particular with the horse, but never critical. Never discourage the horse from trying.

The outside of the horse is a reflection of the inside of the human.

The horse needs discipline, not punishment. Discipline is before the act, or during the act, never after the act.

Don’t put a time limit on anything, if a second or a year.

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